arrest

逮捕(たいほ) To arrest someone, to catch a crook.   $$$
 
投獄(とうごく) To imprison someone (used like in English:about someone who is imprisoned after a fair trial, OR someone who is imprisoned by a crazy warlord).
 
拘留する(こうりゅうする) Not put, but KEEP someone in custody. i.e. what you do after you already arrested them! Or to detain someone prior to formally arresting them. I was detained 3 hours at the airport by Immigration officials.   NP
 
拘束する(こうそくする) To physically restrain (handcuffs / strait-jacket) to legally restrict (carbon emissions / immigration quotas / freedom of speech).   NP